Risk Management Plan Kilimanjaro Mountain

SWOT analysis In Elken Essay Example

SWOT analysis In Elken Essay Example SWOT analysis In Elken Paper SWOT analysis In Elken Paper One factor that leads Elken Company to be success in the firm is because of its strengths. Strengths are those competitive advantages that create the benefits to achieve the needs of its target markets. One of the strengths of Elken is that Elken Company has a strong network of distributor and it has a wide network of business in Asia-Pacific. These involved Asia-Pacific countries are Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei, Hong Kong and India. Elken is expanding the business globally. In order to compete with the competitors, Elken can expand the business to the whole Asia countries and Europe-countries such as United Stated of America. The stronger network of distributor Elken has, it will be more benefits to Elken because it will be harder for the competitors and new entrants to compete with Elken. Another strength of Elken is that Elkens employees are cooperative and well disciplined. They are all ready to help the customers by providing them exemplary. In order to satisfy the customers needs and demands, the Customer Services Department staffs are trained to provide fast and quality services. Elken Company had trained professional technicians to provide the RO Water Purification services to its customers. These professional technicians are able to provide speedy installations and services to the customers. Other than that, the Elkens distributors and members are positive thinking and they are moving towards the same direction to achieve the Elkens goals. To accrue the wealth and rewards that Elken offers, the distributors and members put in efforts in the jobs and contribute themselves to the company. They are willing to face difficulty and challenges, and accept changes. They are willing to make improvement and skills development, so that they can increase their job performance. Elken Company had a lot of research and development activities on the Elken products. It always upgrades and expands the range of products with the aim of continually improving the lives of consumers. In order to improve the quality of the products, Elken can has the RD center with many different types of sophisticated tools and technologies, and recruit more creative experts for the products development. In addition, Elken Company had established Narisia Sdn.Bhd and its own manufacturing plant, Elepac Sdn.Bhd. Narisia Sdn.Bhd established to manufacture the Reverse Osmosis technology since 1998 to assure the desired quality of products. The Bio Pure R.O Water Purification System used the component parts produced by the worlds leading manufacturers. With these factories, Elken saved lots of operating cost in its business. Elken Company sells variety of products and services. It allows different range customers with the unlimited products and services. Many of the Elken products have been conferred prestigious awards by quasi-government bodies and associations; certified by international accreditation organization; and clinically proven by reputable institutions. Elken had an online website. This online website allows customers to browse and get information about Elken. It shared the company vision, milestones of success with the consure through the Internet. It also promotes its products through the website. By the way, it also included information about benefits of joining Elken, and the career opportunities offer by Elken. To improve the effectiveness of customer services, Elken had included the business addresses and the contact numbers into the website, so that it allows the consumers to have easier referencing, and it lets the consumers to find out the Elkens Head Office in their countries. Weaknesses Weaknesses are the restrictions of Elken might face in the development or implementation of the marketing strategy. Elken needs to acknowledge the weaknesses and handle it without procrastination. One of the weaknesses of Elken is that some of the products of Elken are expensive. The high price of Elken product may cause the consumer to purchase other products from the competitors. To overcome this problem, Elken should have better marketing planning, and reduce the costs for product development but in the same way maintaining the products quality. To allow the customers to purchase the products in a lower price, Elken can encourage the customer to join and become Elkens members, thus, inform them that there is special offer for Elkens members, and Elkens members are allow to purchase Elkens with a discount. Besides, Elken does not fully utilize its own website homepage. It does not include some important customer services into its online system. The online website only allows the consumers to get the company background information, products details, and some of the company news. It should included some online purchasing service into the online website. Competitors are encouraging people to join their direct sales business too. They offer many different types of rewards and benefits to their members. Competitors can offer similar benefits as Elken offers to its employees and members. To compete with the competitors, Elken should always improve its compensation and incentive strategies. Elken can always inform all the people around the world about the benefits of joining into Elken. Elken can motivate and incentive the employees by offering different types of compensation and benefits. Other than that, Elken should have some seminars to let the employees to share their experiences and how they succeed in their jobs in Elken with the new employees and customers. Opportunities Opportunities are the favorable and beneficial conditions that could generate rewards for Elken. Elken needs to find the potential opportunities in order to continue to grow within the marketplace. One of the opportunities of Elken is that they can improve its online customers services by included some features such as online catalogs, online purchasing service, online consultations, online applying Elkens membership, online appointments booking on the installation and maintenance services for RO Water Purification System, and online points checking. With all these features, it can increase the effectiveness of current customer services. By recruiting more quality, professional and potential employees, Elken can allows online recruiting system. With this online recruiting system it allows Elken to recruit experts and quality people from different places and countries. Since the people and consumers are concerning the healthcare problems nowadays, Elken can have chance to develop and sell more healthcare products. They can have RD to analyze and find out the needs and demands of the consumers todays. For instance, Elken can introduce and sells some massage and spa products since the consumers nowadays are concern about stress and pain reduction issues. With this chance, Elken can also produce and sell products to different category of consumers. They can produce products for children, teens, adults and the old individuals. Since Elken is a well-known direct selling company in Malaysia, it allows Elken to takes this chance to open more outlets and stores in Malaysia. Besides the head office in Kuala Lumpur, outlets in Johor, Sarawak and Sabah, it also can open stores and outlets at different locations, such as Pahang, Kedah, Penang, Terengganu, Kelantan, Perak, Melacca, and Negeri Sembilan. It can expand its business all over in Malaysia. Technologies trends are keep on changing. This had lead Elken to take the chance to improve its IS and IT in the company frequently. It leads Elken to use the computerized database and inventory system to keep track of products, stocks, employees and its members details. By using computerized database and inventory system, it allows Elken to have easier referencing on the products information, products stocks, and employees and members details. It also saves costs for storing the details. Besides, the changing of technology trends also had caused Elken to be aware of using new technology to produce the products. The using of new technologies helps Elken in producing and developing of products. With this opportunity, it allows Elken to increase the production and productivity and producing better quality products. Threats Threats are the conditions or barriers that may prevent Elken from reaching its objectives or harm to it. The Threats are such as the population shifts, changes in purchasing preferences, new technologies, changes in governmental or environmental regulations, or an increase in competition. One of the threats of Elken is that there are many competitors in the industry. The number of competitors are keep on increasing. The competitors of Elken are such as Amway and Cosway. To gain competitive advantage in this industry, Elken needs to improve the quality and variety of products by using advanced technology tools in product development and have more RD for the development of more creative and higher quality products. With the more variety of high quality products, it will allow consumers to purchase the products based on their personal preferences. Competitors sell the products with lower prices. These may influence the consumer buying behaviors. Elken should make their products price more reasonable, and have promotions to the consumers. Other than that, Elken can educate the consumers that when purchasing the products, besides consider of products prices, they should also consider of the product quality as well. Elken can educate the consumers on choosing the suitable products based on their needs and demands. Elken can also introduce and promote their products by using some critical slogan to attract the consumers. By adding more unique features on the products, the Elken customers will feel that is more valuable and benefits on purchasing Elkens products. Nowadays, there are a lot of companies and organizations provide online purchasing services and online consultation service to the consumers. To increase the effectiveness of customer services, Elken should allow its customers to enjoy the online purchasing services. Online purchasing allows the customers to make orders and purchase Elkens products via the Internet at anytime. It easy and it also saves times and costs. Customers no need to spend times and cost to travel to the Elkens stores in order to purchase Elkens products. To allow the customer to purchase the suitable products based on their needs, Elken can provide the online consultation services to consult the customers. Elken can recommend the suitable Elkens products to the customers based on their problems and needs. For instance, Elken can recommend the customer who is facing overweight problems to use Dr Diet slimming products.

Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis_365 Essay

Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis_365 - Essay Example First is the price that has an inverse relation, that means consumers want to buy more when the price is low, and will buy less when it is high. Next is the income wherein the effect of buying depends on the income. But this type of reasoning depends on the kind of commodity. For normal goods, as income increases demand also increase, and demand for product decrease as income lessens. Next is Tastes and preferences of consumers; Demand is also affected by consumers taste and preferences, particularly now, that consumers have become health conscious. Another aspect is the consumers’ expectations. When consumer anticipates a price increase, tendency is to stock up, because this is an expectation of what to happen. A demand for instance, is affected by weather, Consumption increases during hot weather, and decreases in winter. The dictionary has defined equilibrium price as the quantity of goods buyers are willing to buy and the quantity of goods sellers are willing to sell. The equilibrium price is found in a diagram where supply and demand interacts . P1 and Q1 are the points of equilibrium where supply = demand. At any price above P1, supply exceeds demand price below P1demand exceeds supply. (tutotr 2u) Target market of the new Cola drink is the American consumers, who, according to Huffpost Healthy Living, (05, July, 2012), half of the number of American surveyed, drink soda on a daily basis, with an average of 2.6 glasses. Study of Diechert, Mehga, et. al ( Feb 22, 2006)shows soft drink industry has a market share of 46.8 % that competes with that of non-alcoholic drink Business wire( February 04, 2011) estimates soft drinks’ global market to have a volume of 465.4 billion liters, which is an increase in the consumption of 16.7% since 2006. Clearly, this is an indication that the soft drink industry is still strong and a profitable industry. Outside U.S., there is an indication that Coca-Cola does not retain sales

Kingdom animalia phylum platyhelminthes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kingdom animalia phylum platyhelminthes - Essay Example thes are known for organ level of organization, highlighting three main sets of organs: The excretory system, the nervous system, and the digestive tract. The excretory system is made up of flame cells and ducts. The nervous system includes a pair of anterior ganglia with two nerve cords, interlinked by transverse nerves, going through the whole length of the creature. These nerve cords form a ladder-like structure. The digestive tract is branched and does not have an anus, hence it is incomplete. Platyhelminthes are triloblastic because of the three germ layers called ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. The ectoderm is the base of the outer epithelium. The endoderm becomes the lining of the gut tract. The mesoderm is the tissue between the ectoderm and the endoderm. Mesoderm consists of muscle and undifferentiated cells called parenchyma. Platyhelminthes are also called acoelomate because there is no body cavity between any of the three germ layers. Platyhelminthes are further divided into three classes: Class Turbellaria (flatworms); Class Trematoda (flukes); and Class Cestoda

Corporate Compliance Plan for Riordan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Compliance Plan for Riordan - Essay Example As such a framework of codes of conduct and regulations which are in conformity with the various Federal, State and International laws is to be built. Such a Frame work shall act as a means and tool to mitigate any possible legal risks and liabilities The compliance plan should move ahead with Enterprise Risk management as a starting point with COSO risk guidelines as a basis (Steinberg, 2011). From a risk and liability mitigation perspective, the most impending aspect of the issues arising out of the numerous business and related transactions would be the underlying conflict. Thus, a separate mechanism for addressing the conflicts or disputes emanating from business transactions should be put in place. In order to avoid high litigation costs, a more preventive approach for conflict resolution that is Alternative Dispute Resolution should be implemented such that it is in consonance with ADR clause of the applicable Local/Regional and International Laws. Riordan already has a corpora te governance plan in existence. As per the plan, the Riordan Board of Directors should carry out the overall responsibility of the company as per the state corporate requirements. The plan specifies the board leadership roles, compensation and performance criteria, meetings etiquette and proceedings, committee matters and membership as well as operational and financial responsibilities of the board. Riordan has appointed Lowell Bradford the Legal Counsel who directly oversees the legal matters for the company. All the legal matters from various departments are forwarded to him, which he addresses based on his experience and knowledge and when required in consultation with Litteral and Finkel, the International Law Firm retained by the company. As per the above discussion in light of the most recent strategic decision of the company to move its China operations from Hangzhou to Shanghai, the possible legal risks and the liabilities shall be addressed as follows: ADR: Riordan should stipulate guidelines for its legal department to follow in order to avoid possible costly litigations as also the long term effectiveness of the conflict resolution. Towards the same goal, it should adopt an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) strategy which is in consonance with the ADR clause of the state corporation laws. As an effective strategy, the most important aspect of ADR from business conflict resolution viewpoint is to adopt a win-win attitude (Barbara & Corvette, p. 266). Based on the COSO risk management strategy (Steinberg, 2011), Riordan should decide upon whether Mediation or Arbitration would be an effective approach in the given situation. As such the authority to decide upon the same should rest with Lowell Bradford, the legal counsel. The authority to choose the Arbitrator and/or mediator for the same shall also rest with Mr. Bradford, however, he shall have a consultative role, whereas the legal board of Directors shall have a collective and final say in the matter. However, a Binding-mediation strategy (Jentz, Miller, & Cross, 2008, p. 40) shall be the most appropriate strategy for Riordan. The possible disputes that might arise from the relocation in the form of possible disagreement with the existing workforce over the termination of work contracts as well as vendor contracts resulting from the relocation. In order to address and mitigate the possible risks of disputes arising from

Framework Advocating CSOs Analysis

Framework Advocating CSOs Analysis Take a case of actually existing civil society and critically discuss the extent to which your case has managed to achieve any democratic or developmental progress. Championed as the panacea for development ills under the neoliberal New Policy Agenda (McIllwaine;1998), civil society has become the sweetheart of development donors (Barr, Fafchamps Owens, 2005;659), famed for its ability to incubate participatory development[ma1][ma2]. Civil society is conceptualised as an independent third pillar between state and market, comprising of horizontal networks of associational groups with cross cut ties of kinship and patronage (Putnam, 1993). Within this network, citizens organize to pursue shared interests and influence policy in the public domain (UNDP, 2014). Civil society organisations (CSOs) can embody autonomous or NGO supported community based organisations, or can comprise of NGOs as primary agents of civil society themselves (Mohan, 2002[ma3]). Despite doubt surrounding the classification of NGOs as CSOs (Carmody, 2007), this essay will define NGOs as a variant of CSOs, as their primary purpose is influencing public policy (Edwards Hulme, 1997;24), and are independent from direct government control (UNDP, 2014[ma4][ma5]). Thus, for the reasons outlined, this essay will focus on the Voice2People programme of Christian Aid, an NGO based CSO. Ultimately, this essay will examine the extent to which the normative framework advocating CSOs as the missing middle between citizen and state (World Bank, 1996;114), represents the reality of actually existing civil society (Mamdani, 1996;19). It is in this sense that actually existing civil society is defined as the reality of CSOs in practise as largely dissonant from the normative promised agenda for change (Ibid). By analysing Christian Aids Voice2People programme, this essay will posit that the realities of actually existing civil society are divergent from the normative ideals placed upon it, and thus can achieve little democratic or developmental success. This essay will begin by demonstrating the normative and programmatic qualities perceived as inherent within CSOs, in particular their ability to facilitate participatory development, upon which donor funding is predicated (Igoe Kelsall, 2005). It will then outline the Voice2People programme rolled out by Christian Aid, in relation to the normative characteristics it is perceived to retain. Once the theoretical framework is outlined, this paper will then assess the extent to which these normative ideals diverge from reality of actually existing civil society. By outlining the flaws of the theoretical framework underlying the programme, and the problematic constraints it faced, this essay will conclude by arguing that contrary to normative perceptions, actually existing civil society in the case of the Voice2People programme, can achieve very little democratic or developmental progress. The normative characteristics of civil society organisations However, it is first essential to outline the perceived normative characteristics of CSOs in order to analyse their divergence from the empirical reality of actually existing civil society. These characteristics are normative in the sense they are expected rather than empirically validated. It[ma6][ma7] is also essential to underscore the ideological nature of these characteristics, which dovetail the neoliberal new policy agenda (Robinson, 2003;2) which embraces the democratic development paradigm (Banks, Edwards and Hulme; 2015, 710) in supporting inclusive participation to facilitate development (Mertz, 2012;54). Firstly, neoliberal theory posits CSOs as vehicles through which to build better citizens (Archer, 1994). Civil society is thus perceived as an arena for the cultivation of liberal norms, including participation and market rationality (Williams Young, 2012). CSOs become schools of liberal democracy (Banks, Edwards Hulme, 2015;4) educating citizens to take participate in formulating their own development agenda. Secondly, CSOs are also regarded as key actors in encouraging increased state accountability, as an active civil society enables choice, scrutinises errant governments, and leads to pluralised democracy (Mohan, 2002). CSOs thus demand state accountability to local demands (Suileman, 2013;245) an issue outlined by the Voice2People baseline report (Christian Aid, 2013). In addition, CSOs are also perceived by donors as vital facilitators of democratisation. This is because CSOs are seen to exhibit a pluralising function as they disperse the distribution of political power in s ociety through increasing channels of access (Hadenius Uggla, 1996) what Ndegwa (1996;3) terms the civil society political liberalisation thesis. Additionally, as Przewoski (1992) notes, CSOs also play a constitutive role in defining the rules of state/CSO interaction along democratic lines. Finally, the last perceived function of CSOs is facilitating localised empowerment, so communities can pursue their own development activities either through CSOs or as autonomous politically conscious citizens. This view posits the poor not as beneficiaries, but as controllers of the development process with the means to radically alter their own situation (Clark, 1991;201). However, for the sake of this essay, the above functions will be amalgamated into one role of facilitating participatory development the process through which stakeholders can influence and share control over development initiatives, decisions and resources that affect themselves (Worldbank, 1996b;4). This requires the participation of empowered groups in the design and implementation of development projects, and is dependent on a state open to pluralising the political arena to organisations such as CSOs who can demand accountability on behalf of their members. The[ma8] next section of this essay will outline the Voice2People programme rolled out by Christian Aid, which attempts to facilitate participatory development in Nigeria. A case of actually existing civil society Christian Aids Voice2People programme is a DFID funded programme worth  £2million (DFID, 2016), aiming to facilitate citizen-driven development and increased government accountability in Anambra State, Nigeria (Christian Aid, 2016;2). It is through this programme which aims to influence public development policy, that Christian Aid can be regarded as a CSO in its own right. Prior to the programme, the baseline report suggested that 54% of 1, 535 respondents in the area felt they were not able participate in making demands to state representatives, and that there was no accountability mechanism to ensure state compliance with local needs (Christian Aid, 2013;6-8). Consequently, the Voice2People community based programme utilised two strategies (outlined by Brown and Tandon;1994) in an attempt to rectify this democratic deficit (Warleigh, 2001;1). Firstly, Voice2People employed state reform strategies to secure agreements which guaranteed quarterly community engagement meetings, with the aim to precipitate democratic norms such as state accountability. Secondly, societal programmes such as the use of participatory rural appraisals (PRAs) intended to create community charters of needs, aiming to immerse all levels of community participation in development consultations (Christian Aid, 2016a;8). However, this next section will analyse the theoretical and practical barriers which constrain the Voice2People programme; an example of actually existing civil society (Mamdani, 1996:19); in achieving participatory development. Can Voice2People achieve participatory development? In the donor community, the perceived functions of CSOs are taken as normative and unproblematic. This is concerning as this next section will show, there are various theoretical and practical barriers which constrains actually existing civil society (in this case, the Voice2People programme) to achieving participatory development[ma9]. Theoretical barriers One[ma10] of the first theoretical constraints which limit the Voice2People programme and other CSO work in achieving participatory development, is the problematic dichotomy in which state and CSOs are theorised (Lewis, 2000). CSOs are perceived as autonomous agent able to impose community-formulated demands onto a democratic state. However, it is unwise to conceive civil society as unconstrained by the power of the state, as Hadenius and Uggla (1996) note, CSO inclusion is dependent on regime type, with autocratic regimes opposing CSO engagement due to desire to monopolise the political space (Clark, 1991[ma11]). Therefore, as Stewart (1997) suggests, the presence of CSOs does not instantly facilitate democratic engagement with states. In some cases, inclusion of CSOs into policy consultation is little more than PR to meet the criteria of debt relief. In the case of Voice2Protect, government legislation passed in July 2016 which requires a state-led regulatory body to oversee the wo rk of CSOs (Civicus, 2016), demonstrates the power of the Nigerian state in constraining the work of Voice2People. It is therefore too simplistic to theorise the state and CSOs as independent actors with equal agency in influencing public policy[ma12]. Moreover, it would also be unwise to suggest that even democratic states can adequately address the demands of CSOs, as due to the streamlining and weakening of state under structural adjustment, gridlock can occur, whereby the sheer volume of CSO interests and demands can lead to political impasse (Blair, 1997 in Lewis, 2002). This suggests that Voice2People is unable to achieve participatory development success either due to the constraining power of the state, or through lack of state capacity, notions largely ignored by the theoretical framework. This has led to the critique by some post-colonial scholars, who suggest that civil society as a concept has very little explanatory value for the complexities of African associational life (maia) which can include an autocratic state characterised by big men rule (cite). Therefore, although Voice2People established a working relationship with the House that was formalised with an agreement to hold quarterly meetings with members (Christian Aid, 2016;4), there are no constitutional mechanisms to guarantee the continuation of this interaction, and no clear capacity of the state to meet the demands forwarded by Voice2People. This is further evidenced by the Voice2People progress report which cites that citizens found it difficult to engage government officials si nce the governments lacked the financial power to undertaken any projects (Christian Aid, 2014;6). As well as the problematic dichotomy between state and CSOs, the theoretical underpinnings behind CSO led service provision also limits the extent to which Voice2People can achieve participatory development. Due to their closeness to intended beneficiaries, CSOs are regarded as ideal for replacing waning state services that have been decimated by structural adjustment (Carmody;2007). Empowerment therefore is economic in the liberal sense, as through the participation of contributing funds towards a community service project, one gets to become the controller of their own development. Voice2People utilises this approach to pacify the 46% of respondents who were not happy at allwith the level of state service provision (Christian Aid, 2013;6). Although seemingly locally appropriate, this approach is highly problematic as it reduces the concept of public welfare to mere private provision to the extent that citizens forego their sense of state entitlement (Kamat, 2003;156). CSO service p rovision, no matter how well intentioned, therefore reduces the state to a franchise state (Wood, 1997;1) ultimately unaccountable for the services provided to its citizens through other actors. Community based service provision as utilised by Voice2People therefore achieves very little democratic output, as any state accountability based on service provision is nullified, and replaced by self-dependency. Additionally, this project does little to increase development, as the limited financial accessibility of community funded services, means that the chronic poor seldom partake in this form of neoliberal participation and are thus excluded from accessing vital services. conclude [ma13][ma14] Practical constraints When aiming to facilitate participatory development, one of the practical constraints faced by Voice2Protect is the extent to which it can achieve full participation. In an attempt to facilitate inclusive participationVoice2People liaisons with established community structures (Christian Aid), to create charters of demands which prioritise community development needs (ibid). However, by working through established community structures such as chieftaincies, existing power relations are entrenched and reproduced (white). This new localism which essentialises established structures as microcosms of a homogenous community (mohan) is problematic, as it excludes traditionally ostracised groups from access to civil society participation. Additionally, community participation can also be co-opted by middle class hegemonic groups in a bid to access influences and resources (Mercer and green), often leading to disillusionment amongst the primordial public of traditionalist groups who interven tions aimed to target (Suiliman[ma15]). These issues occurred in the Voice2Project programme, whereby community mobilisation was misconstrued to have political bearings by stakeholders wanting to gain access (cite) and thus exclusive meetings were still utilised to buy-in community leadership for the middle classes(Cite). Conclude On a similar note, for Voice2Protect to achieve full democratic participation, there needs to be greater emphasis on the gendered implications of PRAs and other participatory tools, as some V2P communities are yet to adopt balanced representation in decision making platforms (cite). The time necessary to participate in decision making is problematic, as it reduces the time women dedicate to caregiving roles, therefore impeding female participation (Howell and Milligan[ma16]). This then leads to talking to men about women which is hardly democratic nor will ever understand the gendered development issues facing women as a group (Ardner). Concludeand addmore Additionally, one of the clearest practical factors constraining Voice2Protect in facilitating participatory development, is that contrary to building better citizens (archer), CSOs can often pluralise the political arena for the worst, incorporating the voice of extremist or violent community organisations (Lewis and Kanjii). A pluralised political arena thus legitimises vice as well as virtue (Robinson White, 1998;229), as well as ethnic chauvinism (diamond) as an exercise in liberal democracy. Although this does increase pluralised democratic output (for the better or for worse), such instances could indeed hinder inclusive community development, as can often become a platform for legitimising prejudices or community based structural violence[ma17][ma18][ma19]. more Finally, an additional practical limitation faced by Voice2People, is the problematic mode through which democratic participation is facilitated within its programmes. Ultimately, the Voice2People programme is externally facilitated by an NGO based CSO, unlike programmes led by traditionalist CSOs which arise out of indigenous community structures. This stems from a contradictive paradox of self-help, whereby external NGO based CSOs are deployed to facilitate empowerment in traditionalist settings (Page, 2014). The concern here is, that due to the nature of Voice2People as an external NGO directed programme, true participatory development is constrained as it foregoes the political conscientization necessary for true and sustainable empowerment. Evidently, by using NGO based CSOs as proxies for indigenous organisations[ma20], only artificial low intensity democracy can be achieved (Carmody). This artificial empowerment runs the risk of disintegrating once the NGO based CSO has withdr awn, and is therefore unsustainable and unable to exert continuous pressure for longstanding change. Since the timescale of the Voice2People programme had an end date of March 2016 (Christian Aid, 2016), one can suggest that due to the lack of endogenous indigenous programmes to guarantee democratic output, participatory development progress began to disintegrate after the withdrawal of Christian Aid. This suggests that the dichotomy theorised by Mamdani (1996;19), which bifurcates the normative perceptions of civil society and its actually existing form, is too simplistic to encapsulate the different issues faced by varying CSOs. Through homogenising the realities of all actually existing civil society, the dichotomy ignores the vastly different realities faced by NGO based CSOs in relation to indigenous organisations[ma21]. Conclusion Normative ideals as unattainable clear divergence to the reality fo actually existing civil society [ma1]democratic development paradigm (Banks, Edwards and Hulme; 2015, 710 [ma2]Since democracy is regarded as the requisite political system conducive to growth (Chan, 2002), [ma3]Make all this link a bit more [ma4]Something about beneficiary membership or something about closeness to them [ma5]This will become important later on [ma6]Link these two sections together better [ma7] [ma8]Make sure you notePD as requiring liberally moulded empowered citizen participation and a democratic and accountable state. [ma9]Describe theoretical as motivations beind and practical barriers and issues facing actual formation/methodology [ma10]Maybe link western concept here: universalism of normative ideal does not take into account the authoritarian big man state this suggests it is applicable to western experience only. Miaia Why are we pushing the concept it if has failed in the US (Carmoroff and Carmoroff) [ma11]Mandani state power is in the ability to incorporate [ma12]Conclude: how does this link to participatory development? How does this constrain V2P? [ma13] Moreover, it can also be argued that the envisioned concept of civil society is applicable only to the western experience and thus in reality, can achieve very little democratic or developmental progress elsewhere (Lewis, 2003). In this sense, donor support for CSOs is misguided, as the theoretical framework used to mould civil society in Eastern Europe after the fall of communism, has very little explanatory value for the complexities of African associational life such as the constraining power of tribe and caste (Maina). It also ignores the need of a democratic tradition to perpetuate democratic norms within civil society, as an earlier point states, the presence of CSOs such as Voice2People, does not necessarily equate to democracy. Additionally, the limited western definition of CSOs may lead to duplication of efforts to build civil society where an indigenous form already exists (Uggla). This dissonance of the legitimacy to alternatives to western defined CSOs limits true democr acy due to the monopolisation of the political sphere by one homogenous form of CSO (hearn, 2001). When the wrong kinds of CSO are excluded, how can participatory development occur? (Banks Edwards and Hulme). Actually existing civil society cannot therefore lead to full participatory development, as the attributes of civil society itself, are western and ungeneralizable to the Nigerian case. Link to V2P. conclude [ma14] [ma15]say this too much reword this so it isnt repetitive [ma16]needs to link more [ma17]need an example of V2P and how this is not participatory can prejudices lead to the deliberate exclusion of others in participation the need for monitors has reflected this [ma18]it is in this sense that White cites the possibility of CS impeding democracy by gives rise to a multiplicity of distinct structures of dominance and subordinacy [ma19]find example of this in CA policy doccs [ma20]I can only stress that throughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [ma21]add example of this from CA policy docc

Provisional Voting :: essays research papers

Part I: Current Social Issues One social issue in my community that concerns me is that of provisional voting, which is proving to be an issue in many communities. The requirement that all states make provisional voting available was passed down by congress. Unfortunately, no guidelines were included with this requirement, and therefore the decisions on which provisional votes are counted and which ones are not differ not only from state to state but from county to county. As a result, provisional voting is beneficial to some and not to others. The main agencies involved with this issue would be the local election offices as well as the secretaries of state. Part II: Relevant Agencies Quite obviously, the main agency that would be involved with the issue of provisional voting is the local elections office. This agency devotes great energies to make sure that every member of the public is given the opportunity to cast their votes. Because this is the agency that determines whether or not each provisional vote will count, these are the individuals that play the most major roll. The Secretary of State’s office is also like to be involved in provisional voting. Each state is expected to be responsible for drawing up guidelines for the procedures to be followed for provisional voting. At present time, the guidelines are unclear, if existent at all, but at some point must be addressed by the Secretary of State. The local elections office and the Secretary of State represent the government sector. The final organization that I expect to see involved with provisional voting are the pollworkers. These are the individuals that volunteer their time on election day to officiate the polls where votes are cast. Since provisional voting is still quite new, the procedures can be somewhat confusing, and it is these people that must make sense of it. I would classify them as being part of the philanthropic sector. Part III: Final Paper Topic The issue I have chosen to further develop for my final paper is that of provisional voting and the guidelines by which the decisions are made as to which provisional votes will be counted and which will not. I have chosen to pursue this particular issue due to the fact that I work as an Elections Coordinator and I have recently experienced my first election from behind the scenes, so to speak. Provisional voting is a serious issue, required by Congress, but handed down with little or no guidelines. Provisional Voting :: essays research papers Part I: Current Social Issues One social issue in my community that concerns me is that of provisional voting, which is proving to be an issue in many communities. The requirement that all states make provisional voting available was passed down by congress. Unfortunately, no guidelines were included with this requirement, and therefore the decisions on which provisional votes are counted and which ones are not differ not only from state to state but from county to county. As a result, provisional voting is beneficial to some and not to others. The main agencies involved with this issue would be the local election offices as well as the secretaries of state. Part II: Relevant Agencies Quite obviously, the main agency that would be involved with the issue of provisional voting is the local elections office. This agency devotes great energies to make sure that every member of the public is given the opportunity to cast their votes. Because this is the agency that determines whether or not each provisional vote will count, these are the individuals that play the most major roll. The Secretary of State’s office is also like to be involved in provisional voting. Each state is expected to be responsible for drawing up guidelines for the procedures to be followed for provisional voting. At present time, the guidelines are unclear, if existent at all, but at some point must be addressed by the Secretary of State. The local elections office and the Secretary of State represent the government sector. The final organization that I expect to see involved with provisional voting are the pollworkers. These are the individuals that volunteer their time on election day to officiate the polls where votes are cast. Since provisional voting is still quite new, the procedures can be somewhat confusing, and it is these people that must make sense of it. I would classify them as being part of the philanthropic sector. Part III: Final Paper Topic The issue I have chosen to further develop for my final paper is that of provisional voting and the guidelines by which the decisions are made as to which provisional votes will be counted and which will not. I have chosen to pursue this particular issue due to the fact that I work as an Elections Coordinator and I have recently experienced my first election from behind the scenes, so to speak. Provisional voting is a serious issue, required by Congress, but handed down with little or no guidelines.

Difference Between Upload and Download

Difference between Upload and Download Introduction In computer networks, data is always transferred from one place to another in order to accomplish various tasks. This can be easily performed using Uploading and Downloading. These are the two processes which are used for transferring data between a client and a server. Uploading is the process of sending files including documents, pictures and videos from a client computer to a server. Downloading is the process of transferring files from the server to the client. UploadUploading means that sending files from our local system to another remote location such as a server, over the network. For an example, if we want to build a website, we should upload the required files, images and other content to the relevant server where we host the website. When considering the Internet, every time we send a request for a web page using a browser, the data containing our IP address and the web page we have requested, is uploaded to the server wh ere the requested page is available. The time needed to upload depends on the size of the file we send.Small text based files can be sent quicker than the larger music files, heavy video files, images or other large multimedia files. Most probably, uploading can be performed while doing other tasks on the computers. After uploading files to a server, it will be available for the other users, too. Download Downloading is transferring data or information from a server to our client computer. For example, the same files which have been uploaded to the server can be downloaded by another user to the hard disk of a local system.When considering the Internet, in order to view the content of a requested web page on a browser of the user’s PC, the web page content including the images are downloaded first from the particular server. The time cost for downloading a file depends on the size of the file. When the file gets larger, the time takes to download the file also increases. As t hese files are downloaded to a personal computer, only the user of the machine can access those files. Compare and ContrastBoth Upload and Download are used to share the required data within a computer network. The primary difference between these two terms is that the direction of the data is being transferred. In uploading, the data is sent from our system to another remote system while in downloading, the data is received to our system from a remote system. So download is the reverse of the upload process. In uploading, there should be enough storage space in the server or other remote system to keep the uploading files.In downloading, there should be enough free space in the hard disk of our personal computer to save the downloaded files. In uploading, the files may be accessed by all the users who have access to the server but in downloading, the files can be used by only the owner of the local system, who has the interest for those files. There are some risks in use of downloa ding because some files available for downloading may come from untrustworthy sites and so they can harm our computers. So we have to be careful when downloading from unknown sources.

Glory and Sacrifice in the name of Greece essays

Glory and Sacrifice in the name of Greece essays Glory and Sacrifice in the name of Greece The Funeral Oration of Pericles is an excerpt from Thrcydides, The Peloponnesian War. Pericles was a great Greek speaker and renown leader of Athenian democracy during the middle part of the fifth century B.C.E. From this speech, we find out how much he believed in Athenian democracy because he makes no ill references to it. Instead he keeps stating that Athenian democracy is a model for others to follow and that the Peloponnesian War of 430 B.C.E. is a sacrifice in order to keep their way of life and Athenian democracy. As a central figure in Athenian democracy during the Peloponnesian War, it was part of Pericles ¡ job to keep moral high enough so that no one would question why the war was fought and what for. It was his job to tell them why this war was being fought and what for. This funeral oration was an attempt by Pericles to console the wives and parents who had lost loved ones in the Peloponnesian War and to justify their loss with feelings nationalism. Pericles delivered his speech by starting with an outline of what he was going to present, praising the Greek democratic system and then finish off with why it is worth all the lives that were lost. He keeps referring to how their way of life is affected and subsequently benefited by the way their political system is run. So in my opinion, he manipulated the people ¡s unstable condition to glorify Greece and its political system and also to gain support for the Peloponnesian War and the Greek political system of democracy. During a war, people will always question the government and their ways when lives are lost. People that question this loss the most are the ones who have lost loved ones in war. In order to keep moral high, Pericles used nationalism to sway doubters of the war towards being a supporter. He tells the people who have lost loved ones in war to see their death as being a noble ...

Code of Ethics Essays

Code of Ethics Essays Code of Ethics Essay Code of Ethics Essay The NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System is built up of a figure of infirmaries. forte installations. and continues attention installations in New York. New Jersey. and Connecticut. Harmonizing to NewYork-Presbyterian ( 2014 ) . most System members are academic affiliates of either Weill Cornell Medical College or Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. NewYork-Presbyterian understands the challenges of today’s medical specialty and makes it their mission to better their patients’ attention by educating the patients researching in their ain community. Their belief is that through consciousness they may be able to learn the patients the things they need to cognize to so take duty for their ain wellness. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Weill Cornell Medical College assist the NewYork-Presbyterian to better their cognition by research and academic capablenesss. The NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System is ever looking for every manner possible to better patient attention and give all patients the best possible intervention in their installations. The organization’s mission statement is NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System is dedicated to bettering patient attention. medical instruction and research throughout this part of the United States. ( nypsystem. 2014 ) Therefore this gives them three ends. The three ends are advancing patient attention. advancing medical instruction. and to research medical facets in order to hold betterment for society. These three ends are tied to ethical rules because they are three classs. which will demo promotion for the full health care community.

Letter for Master Degree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter for Master Degree - Essay Example Accordingly, I have already completed my B.A. course in criminal justice administration from the Columbia College of Missouri (December, 2006) securing 2.2 GPA, missing cum laude by 0.2. After graduation, I chose the option of military service in the US Navy, as it would expose me to the world outside, and expand my horizons significantly and appreciating the compulsions of a great power as the USA, while dealing with the outside world. It is affording me the opportunity to pit myself against the best and compete hard successfully. After retiring from this service, I intend to pursue my long term career ambition in the legal profession. With my service background and personal philosophy of service to the society, I intend to pursue a career in the US Secret Service agencies. I kept myself abreast of the developments in the legal profession, even during my military service, by accessing current literature on the subject through magazines and the Internet. I am also pursuing the Masters Course from the American Military University through distance learning and earned two credits so far, which I intend to transfer to my program with your university. Before deciding to join the graduate program in the Columbia College of Missouri, I have done a bit of Internet based research on the program in order to concretize my understanding of the course and to satisfy myself that I am indeed in need of that qualification. I was convinced that a formal and structured training in criminal legal administration, under the tutelage of experts should help me immensely. I have decided then itself to go in for Masters program, as soon as I can. I am aware of the details of the program in Columbia College of Missouri, its emphasis on extensive self-study of the relevant literature for each topic / subject, case study approach, developing one’s presentation skills, usage of libraries / online resources, and interaction with faculty. I am fully committed

Critical Appraisal Of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Articles Essay

Critical Appraisal Of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Articles - Essay Example The article titled â€Å"Analyzing Qualitative interview data. Addressing issues of reliability and validity† presented by   J.V. Appleton deals with the aspects that must be taken into consideration while conducting a qualitative research study to ensure the reliability and validity of the data (Appleton, 1995). In contrast, Shuster and Shannon (1994) in their article titled   â€Å"Differential Prehospital Benefit from Paramedic Care† present the aspects affecting the efficacy of quantitative research methods. Both article authors have based their findings on the results of actual studies they have personally carried out in order to assess the relative efficacy of either method. The two articles present a valuable insight into the process of conducting research and the means that may be employed to ensure that data obtained are as valid and reliable as possible. Both these studies were conducted using health professionals as the source of the data. J.V. Appleton (1995) is a healthcare visitor/worker and the aim and objective of her research effort were to identify a set of criteria to identify and determine which families could be considered â€Å"vulnerable† from the point of view of child protection. The method chosen for her research study was a qualitative approach based on a two-fold process – the administration of questionnaires as well as follow up interviews. The reason for the choice of a qualitative approach lay in the fact that this was an exploratory study designed to elicit the perspective of healthcare workers. Therefore the quality of the data was dependent upon the richness and quality of the responses that needed to be obtained rather than upon statistical numbers and figures that could be used as the basis for the study. Qualitative research has been found to be useful in the study of exploratory phenomena (Morse, 1991).   Appleton’s study was based upon questionnaires administered to 1 2 healthcare workers followed up by face to face interviews, with a tape recorder being used in all cases.